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Madera de Ébano
Ébano de la india
Ebony is a general name for very dense black wood. In the strictest sense it is yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but other heavy, black (or dark colored) woods (from completely unrelated trees) are sometimes also called ebony. Some well-known species of ebony include Diospyros ebenum (Ceylonebony), native to southern India and Sri Lanka, and Diospyros dendro (= D. crassiflora, Gaboon ebony), native to western Africa.
Some species in the genus Diospyros yield so-called striped ebony, with similar physical properties, which is not evenly black, but striped. Most species in the genus do not yield ebony at all, even in those cases where they do yield timber (as in the case of American persimmon, Diospyros virginiana).
Detalle de la madera de ébano
Hueso de camello
Hueso de camello pulido
El hueso de camello, gracias a su durabilidad y resistencia es uno de los materiales más apropiados para la construcción de algunas partes de instrumentos musicales; principalmente aquellas que quedan sujetas a algún tipo de fricción o desgaste, como encontramos en el caso del puente y todo tipo de partes expuestas al contacto con el metal.
Actualmente se ha convertido junto con el ébano en el principal substituto del cuerno de antílope, gracias a que es un material abundante, barato y fácil de manipular.
Una vez pulido se obtiene un color muy similar al marfil.
Cuerno de antílope
Cuerno de antílope
El cuerno de antílope está en cabeza de la lista en los materiales usados para la construcción de instrumentos musicales de india. Su dureza i resistencia ante la erosión de las cuerdas lo ha convertido en el material preferido y más deseado por músicos para la construcción de todo tipo de puentes y accesorios que conforman diferentes partes de los instrumentos musicales de india.
Actualmente su uso ha menguado notablemente por al incremento de su coste debido a su escasez.
Materiales como el hueso de camello o el ébano son los principales substitutos actuales al tradicional cuerno de antílope indio.
Madera Teak o Teca
Árbol de la Teca
The Teak Tree, or Tectona, is one of the tropical hardwood birches, included in the family Verbenaceae. This tree is originally from the plantations of South East Asia, and can grow to a height of 30 - 40 m. As part of its life cycle, this tree sheds its leaves every year at dry season. Its longevity is very great, the Teak tree often living to an age of 100 years. Teak is especially noted for its capacity to withstand changes in the weather and season. One of the reasons for this is the ability of the Teak to bend, but not break, in the face of high winds.
Also, the Teak tree resin typically has an oil in its Galih (Cambium/heartwood) that is highly water resistant. This content alone can protect the Teak from decay, insects, and bacteria. At the same time, the combination of unique Teak tree content and thick fibers make it easier to cut and then later sculpt into pleasing forms. Because of this special characteristic, not found in other trees, there has always been interest in using Teak wood for various types of furniture. The teak trees found in South-East Asia forests reach a height of up to 150 feet, have reddish-green leaves with rough skin, and heartwood that is brown to dark gold in color. Of the main teak producers in the area, Indonesia, India, Myanmar, Philippine, and Malaysia, Indonesia's teak is considered of the highest quality in the world.
Detalle de la madera de Teca
En la construcción de instrumentos musicales de india la madera de teca se caracteriza por un sonido dulce i de gran balance tonal. Debido a su alta densidad requiere de un tiempo mayor en comparación con la madera Tun para obtener un sonido definitivo del instrumento. En su favor podemos decir que los instrumentos construidos con madera de teca tienden a ser más resistentes que instrumentos construidos con otras maderas y tienden a mejorar con el paso de los años.
Madera Tun o Cedro rojo
Cedro rojo de los Himalayas
Tun, or the Red Cedar (Cederla toona), is a large-sized deciduous tree. Botanical family is Meliaceae. It is found throughout the Indian subcontinent, especially in slightly elevated terrain of the Tarai, the Shivaliks and the outer Himalayas from 400 to 1500 m. In Haryana, this tree can be found growing in the Morni Hills andKalesar Forest. It is also found in the Deccan plateau. In its natural habitat Tun grows in mixed stands comprising other broad-level species like terminalias, albizzias, Semul, ficuses, Shisham, acacias, etc. At times it can be seen growing in Chir pine forest, especially low-lying gaps.
Tun has a straight cylindrical trunk and a spreading crown, at times hemispherical like an umbrella. Its bark is thin gray. It is smooth up to middle age of the plant but rough thereafter when the tree tends to mature. The branching starts at a height of 4 to 6 m above ground level. Tun is a fast growing species, in favorable conditions of sandy loam soil with good moisture, it can mature in about 70 to 80 years by when its height is about 15 to 20 m and diameter is about 50 to 80 cm. The Tun wood shows annual growth rings, which provide nice textural grain to it.
Tun wood is light, yet fairly strong. It is scented and not eaten by white ants. The heartwood weighs about 18 to 20 kg per cubic foot. Its red color is the reason the tree is sometimes called Red Cedar. The wood is pretty good for joinery and other carpentry work. In fact, it is highly valued for making cabinets, musical instruments, good quality furniture, door panels, decorative carving work, tea boxes, cigar boxes. etc. That also is the reason that Tun wood is seldom available in good quantity
Detalle de la madera de cedro
En la construcción de instrumentos musicales de india el cedro se caracteriza por un sonido dulce i de rápida respuesta sonora por la que la hace ideal para obtener en un corto periodo de tiempo un buen sonido global del instrumento, gracias a su menor densidad en comparación a otras maderas más densas como la teca.
